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Emergency Cardiovascular Care Library
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Emergency Cardiovascular Care Library (American Heart Association).ISO
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ta10_07.htx
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1998-01-11
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<TABLE WIDTH="425" BORDER="1" CELLSPACING="2" CELLPADDING="5" HEIGHT="1213">
<CAPTION ALIGN="TOP"><P ALIGN=LEFT><B><FONT COLOR="#ffff3f">Table 7. Emergency Antihypertensive
Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke</FONT></B></CAPTION>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%" HEIGHT="34"><B>Blood Pressure*</B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="50%"><B>Treatment</B></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><B>Nonthrombolytic candidates</B></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT="74">1. DBP > 140 mm Hg</TD>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">Sodium nitroprusside (0.5 µg/kg per minute). Aim for 10% to 20% reduction
in DBP.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT="116">2. SBP> 220, or DBP 121 to 140, or MAP<SUP><FONT SIZE=-1></FONT></SUP>
> 130 mm Hg</TD>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">10 to 20 mg labetalol<SUP><FONT SIZE=-1></FONT></SUP> IV push over
1 to 2 minutes. May repeat or double labetalol every 20 minutes to a maximum
dose of 150 mg.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT="134">3. SBP < 220, DBP <IMG SRC="Book_ACLS/ACLS_source_art/a_LessThen.gif" WIDTH=
"6" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"> 120, or MAP<SUP><FONT
SIZE=-1></FONT></SUP> > 130 mm Hg</TD>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">Emergency antihypertensive therapy is deferred in the absence of aortic
dissection, acute myocardial infarction, severe congestive heart failure,
or hypertensive encephalopathy.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><B>Thrombolytic candidates</B></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><P><CENTER><FONT COLOR="#ffff3f">Pretreatment</FONT></CENTER></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%" HEIGHT="156">1. SBP > 185 or DBP > 110 mm Hg</TD>
<TD WIDTH="50%">1 to 2 inches of nitropaste or 1 to 2 doses of 10 to 20 mg labetalol<SUP><FONT
SIZE=-1></FONT></SUP> IV push. If BP is not reduced and maintained
to < 185/110 mm Hg, the patient should not be treated with TPA</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><P><CENTER><FONT COLOR="#ffff3f">During and after treatment</FONT></CENTER></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT="94">1. Monitor BP</TD>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">BP is monitored every 15 minutes for 2 hours, then every 30 minutes for
6 hours, and then every 1 hour for 16 hours.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT="54">2. DBP > 140 mm Hg</TD>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">Sodium nitroprusside (0.5 µg/kg per minute).</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT="228">3. SBP > 230 or DBP 121 to 140 mm Hg</TD>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP"><P> (1) 10 mg labetalol<SUP><FONT SIZE=-1></FONT></SUP> IVP over
1 to 2 minutes. May repeat or double labetalol every 10 minutes to a maximum
dose of 150 mg or give the initial labetalol bolus and then start a labetalol
drip at 2 to 8 mg/min.</P>
<A NAME="anchor1"></A>
<P>(2) If BP not controlled by labetalol, consider sodium nitroprusside.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT="156">4. SBP 180 to 230 or DBP 105 to 120 mm Hg</TD>
<TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">10 mg labetalol<SUP><FONT SIZE=-1></FONT></SUP> IVP. May repeat or
double labetalol every 10 to 20 minutes to a maximum dose of 150 mg or give
initial labetalol bolus and then start a labetalol drip at 2 to 8 mg/min.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
DBP indicates diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; MAP,
mean arterial pressure;<BR>
BP, blood pressure; and TPA, tissue plasminogen activator.<BR>
*All initial blood pressures should be verified before treatment by repeating
reading in 5 minutes.<BR>
<SUP><FONT SIZE=-1></FONT></SUP>As estimated by one third the sum
of systolic and double diastolic pressure.<BR>
<SUP><FONT SIZE=-1></FONT></SUP>Labetalol should be avoided in patients
with asthma, cardiac failure, or severe abnormalities in cardiac conduction.
For refractory hypertension, alternative therapy may be considered with
sodium nitroprusside or enalapril.
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